The value depends on the property itself and on the local market. A reliable valuation considers commercial floor area, location, floor level, exposure, condition, outbuildings, energy efficiency and the prices achieved by genuinely comparable properties.

An initial commercial valuation may be offered free of charge and without obligation. A sworn technical appraisal, court appraisal or bank valuation is a different professional service and may involve a fee.

There is no standard timeframe that applies to every property. The asking price, demand in the area, condition, available documents, presentation and marketing strategy all affect the time required.

The seller needs personal identification and the main legal and technical documents relating to the property.

• title deed or other document proving ownership;
• cadastral plan and cadastral records;
• planning and building documentation;
• Energy Performance Certificate (APE);
• condominium documentation, where applicable;
• documents concerning mortgages, inheritance or existing leases, where relevant.

They confirm whether the property as it physically exists matches the documents filed with the relevant authorities. Cadastral compliance and planning or building compliance are separate checks and should be verified independently.

Yes. Properties requiring renovation have their own market. Their condition, potential, known defects and possible works should be described clearly and supported by accurate documentation.

As a general rule, yes. The Attestato di Prestazione Energetica, commonly called APE, must normally be prepared by a qualified professional, subject to specific exemptions.

Yes. A property can be sold before the mortgage has been fully repaid. Part of the sale proceeds is usually used to clear the outstanding debt, with the bank and notary coordinating the release of the mortgage security.

It is the written document through which a buyer offers to purchase a specific property under stated conditions. Once accepted and communicated, it may become binding. Price, deadlines, deposits and any conditions should therefore be checked before signing.

The preliminary agreement commits the seller and buyer to complete the final deed at a later date. It should identify the property, price, payment arrangements, deadlines and the principal obligations of both parties.

An advance payment is part of the purchase price, while a contractual deposit can also protect the parties if one side fails to perform. The legal nature of every payment should be stated clearly in the signed document.

The buyer normally chooses and pays the notary. The parties may agree otherwise, but the notary remains an independent public officer and does not act solely for one side.

This depends on the mediation activity and on the agreements signed by the parties. The amount, percentage, VAT treatment and payment date should be disclosed clearly.

The duration is established in the agency agreement. The expiry date, exclusivity, renewal terms and cancellation procedure should all be written clearly.

The appropriate agreement depends on the intended duration and the needs of the parties. Common forms include the standard free-market lease, agreed-rent lease, temporary lease and student lease.

The duration depends on the type of contract. Common examples include the 4+4 free-market agreement, the 3+2 agreed-rent agreement and properly justified temporary agreements.

Generally yes, when the total rental period exceeds 30 days during the same year. Registration must normally take place within 30 days of signing or from the earlier commencement date.

It is an optional substitute tax regime available for certain residential leases. When applicable, it generally replaces personal income tax surcharges and the registration and stamp duties connected with the lease.

No, but it is commonly requested as security. For residential leases it normally cannot exceed three months of rent. The amount and return conditions should be written in the contract.

It is normally returned after the property has been handed back and the tenant’s obligations have been checked. Amounts may be retained for unpaid rent, outstanding charges or damage attributable to the tenant, subject to proper evidence.

As a general principle, the tenant pays ordinary running costs and the owner pays extraordinary works. The actual allocation must be checked against the lease and the nature of each expense.

Minor repairs arising from normal use are generally the tenant’s responsibility. Extraordinary, structural or age-related works are normally the owner’s responsibility.

As a general rule, yes. The tenant must receive the prescribed energy information, subject to the exemptions established by law.

Yes. A landlord may request a guarantor or another lawful form of security. The scope, duration and conditions of the guarantee should be stated clearly.

Yes, where the contract permits it or where the law recognises a right of withdrawal. The notice period depends on the agreement and on the reason for leaving.

The landlord cannot enter freely without the tenant’s consent. Access should be agreed in advance, except in a genuine emergency.

It combines the right to use a property with the possibility of purchasing it later. The contract should define the purchase price, duration, payments and the portion credited towards the future purchase.